The legal remedy allowing a property owner to build closer to a lot line than permitted by setback requirements is called a:

• A. Variance.
• B. Special use permit.
• C. Zoning amendment.
• D. Lot-line adjustment.

Answer: (A)

A variance is a relaxation of a setback requirement granted by the local zoning board of appeals when strict application of the rule would cause an undue hardship on a property due to its unique size, shape, or other physical conditions. It allows someone to build closer to a lot line without changing the zoning ordinance for the whole area. The board considers factors like whether the hardship is unique to the property, whether the change would impair neighboring properties, and whether there are no reasonable alternatives. This tool is specific to one parcel and does not alter how the zoning rules apply to other properties.

Special use permits apply to allowing a particular use within a zone (with conditions), not to altering how close you can build to a property line. A zoning amendment changes the ordinance for an entire district, not just one owner’s lot. A lot-line adjustment rearranges property boundaries with neighboring parcels but does not modify setback requirements.